1. Nimero y'ubucucike
Umubare w'ubukonje ugaragaza uburemere mpuzandengo bwa molekile ya resin kandi ni wo muco nyamukuru uranga ubwoko bwa resin. Imiterere n'imikoreshereze ya resin biratandukanye bitewe n'ubukonje. Uko urwego rwa polymerization ya resin ya PVC rwiyongera, imiterere ya mekanike nko gukomera kwa tensile, imbaraga z'ingaruka, imbaraga zo kuvunika, no kurekura igihe cyo gucika biriyongera, mu gihe imbaraga z'umusaruro zigabanuka. Ibisubizo by'ubushakashatsi bigaragaza ko uko urwego rwa polymerization ya PVC rufasha mu gutunganya ibyuma byiyongera, imiterere y'ibanze ya resin irushaho kuba myiza, mu gihe imikorere yo gutunganya ibyuma n'imyitwarire ya rheological igabanuka. Bigaragara ko ikwirakwizwa ry'uburemere bwa molekile ya resin ya PVC rifite isano ya hafi n'imikorere ya pulasitiki n'imikorere y'ibicuruzwa.
2. Umubare w'uduce tw'umwanda (utudomo tw'umukara n'umuhondo)
Uduce twanduye ni kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi byo gusuzuma resin ya PVC. Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka kuri iki kimenyetso ni: icya mbere, ibisigazwa ku rukuta rwometseho icupa rya polymerization ntibikaraba neza kandi ibikoresho fatizo byandujwe n'imyanda; icya kabiri, kwangirika kw'imashini bivanze n'imyanda no gukora nabi bitera imyanda; Mu gihe cyo gutunganya pulasitiki, iyo hari uduce twinshi twanduye, bizagira ingaruka mbi ku mikorere no mu mikoreshereze y'ibicuruzwa bya PVC. Urugero, mu gutunganya no gushushanya imiterere y'uduce, hari imyanda myinshi n'uduce, bishobora gutuma hagaragara utudomo ku buso bw'uduce, bityo bikagabanya ingaruka z'isura y'igicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, bitewe no kudashyira pulasitiki mu duce twanduye cyangwa imbaraga nke nubwo dushyirwa mu duce twa pulasitiki, imiterere y'igicuruzwa iragabanuka.
3. Ihindagurika ry'ikirere (harimo n'amazi)
Iki kimenyetso kigaragaza kugabanuka k'uburemere bwa resin nyuma yo gushyushya ku bushyuhe runaka. Ingano nke y'ibintu bihindagurika ishobora kubyara amashanyarazi adahinduka, ibyo bikaba bitanoze mu mikorere yo kugaburira mu gihe cyo gutunganya no gushushanya; Iyo ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe riri hejuru cyane, resin irashobora gupfunyika no guhindagurika nabi, kandi uduce duto tworoshye gukorwa mu gihe cyo gutunganya no gutunganya, ibyo bigira ingaruka mbi ku bwiza bw'umusaruro.
4. Ubucucike bugaragara
Ubucucike bugaragara ni uburemere kuri buri gice cy’ifu ya PVC resin idafite ubucucike. Bifitanye isano n’imiterere y’uduce, ingano mpuzandengo y’uduce, n’uburyo resin ikwirakwiramo. Ubucucike buke bugaragara, ingano nini, kwinjizwa vuba kwa pulasitiki, no gutunganya byoroshye. Ibinyuranye n’ibyo, ubucucike bwinshi bw’uduce hamwe n’ingano nto bituma PVC ibasha kuyinjiza. Kugira ngo hakorwe ibintu bikomeye, uburemere bwa molekile ntibuba buri hejuru, kandi pulasitiki muri rusange ntiyongerwamo mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya. Kubwibyo, ubucucike bw’uduce twa resin bugomba kuba buke, ariko hari ibisabwa kugira ngo resin yumuke, bityo ubucucike bugaragara bwa resin bube buri hejuru.
5. Gufata resin mu buryo bwa pulasitiki
Ingano y’ibikoresho byo gutunganya PVC igaragaza urwego rw’imyenge iri mu duce twa resin, hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi wo kwinjiza amavuta n’imyenge minini. Resin ifata pulasitiki vuba kandi ikagira imikorere myiza yo gutunganya. Ku bijyanye no gusohora (nk'imyirondoro), nubwo ibisabwa kugira ngo resin ibe nyinshi cyane, imyenge iri mu duce igira ingaruka nziza zo kwinjiza inyongera mu gihe cyo gutunganya, bigatuma inyongera ziyongera neza.
6. Ubuzungu
Ubuziranenge bwerekana isura n'ibara bya resin, ndetse no kwangirika guterwa no kudakomera neza k'ubushyuhe cyangwa igihe kirekire cyo kubibika, bigatuma ubuziranenge bugabanuka cyane. Urwego rw'ubuziranenge rugira ingaruka zikomeye ku kudasaza kw'ibiti n'ibikomoka ku bimera.
7. Ibisigaye bya vinyl chloride
Ibisigazwa bya VCM bivuga igice cya resin kitarashyirwamo cyangwa ngo gishonge muri monomer ya polyethylene, kandi ubushobozi bwo kuyinjiramo buratandukana bitewe n'ubwoko bwa resin. Mu bintu nyabyo bya resin ya VCM, ibintu by'ingenzi birimo ubushyuhe buke bwo hejuru bw'umunara wo gukuraho, itandukaniro rikabije ry'umuvuduko mu munara, n'imiterere mibi y'uduce twa resin, byose bishobora kugira ingaruka ku gukurwaho kwa resin ya VCM, ibi bikaba ari ikimenyetso cyo gupima urwego rw'isuku rwa resin. Ku bicuruzwa byihariye, nk'imifuka ikomeye ibonerana ya tin foil yo gupakiramo imiti yo kwa muganga, ingano ya resin ya VCM isigaye ntabwo iri ku rwego rusanzwe (munsi ya 5PPM).
8. Guhagarara neza kw'ubushyuhe
Iyo amazi ari muri monomer ari menshi cyane, azakora aside, agatemba ibikoresho, akore sisitemu yo gupomera icyuma, kandi amaherezo agire ingaruka ku bushyuhe bw'umusaruro. Iyo hydrogen chloride cyangwa chlorine yigenga biri muri monomer, bizagira ingaruka mbi ku buryo polymerization ikorwa. Hydrogen chloride ikunze kwibasira mu mazi, ibi bigabanya pH y'umusaruro kandi bigira ingaruka ku bushyuhe bw'umusaruro. Byongeye kandi, ingano nyinshi ya acetylene muri monomer y'umusaruro igira ingaruka ku bushyuhe bwa PVC bitewe n'ingaruka za acetaldehyde n'icyuma, ibyo bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umusaruro.
9. Gucukura ibisigazwa by'urusenda
Ibisigazwa by'urushundura bigaragaza ingano y'utubuto tw'umusemburo tutaringaniye, kandi ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka kuri byo ni ingano y'ibisigazwa muri formula ya polymerization n'ingaruka zo gukurura. Iyo utubuto tw'umusemburo dukomeye cyane cyangwa duto cyane, bizagira ingaruka ku rwego rwa resin kandi bigire n'ingaruka ku itunganywa ry'umusaruro nyuma yaho.
10. “Ijisho ry'ifi”
"Ijisho ry'ifi", rizwi kandi nka crystal point, risobanura uduce duto twa resin tugaragara tutarakozwe muri pulasitiki mu buryo busanzwe bwo gutunganya thermoplastic. Ingaruka mu musaruro nyawo. Ikintu nyamukuru cya "ijisho ry'ifi" ni uko iyo ibintu byinshi bishyushye muri monomer ari byinshi, ishongesha polymer iri imbere muri utwo duce mu gihe cyo gutunganya polymer, ikagabanya porosity, igatuma utwo duce dukomera, kandi ikaba "ijisho ry'ifi" ry'igihe gito mu gihe cyo gutunganya plasticization. Itangiriro rikwirakwira mu bitonyanga by'amavuta ya monomer mu buryo butaringaniye. Muri sisitemu ya polymerization ifite ubushyuhe butaringaniye, ikorwa rya resin ifite uburemere butaringaniye bwa molekile, cyangwa umwanda wa reactor mu gihe cyo kugaburira, resin isigaye, cyangwa gufata cyane ibikoresho bya reactor byose bishobora gutera "fisheye". Ikorwa rya "ijisho ry'ifi" rigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa bya PVC, kandi mu gutunganya nyuma, bizagira ingaruka ku miterere y'ubuso bw'ibicuruzwa. Bizagabanya cyane imiterere ya mekanike nko gukomera no kurekura kw'ibicuruzwa, bishobora gutuma filime cyangwa impapuro za pulasitiki bitoboka, cyane cyane ibicuruzwa bya cable, bizagira ingaruka ku miterere yabyo yo gukingira amashanyarazi. Ni kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi mu gukora resin no gutunganya pulasitiki.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-12-2024
