URUHARE RWA CPE MU BIKORESHO BYA PVC BY'IBITI NA PLASTIKI
Hakoreshejwe inzugi n'amadirishya bya pulasitiki bivanze na CPE na PVC, ubushobozi bwo gukomera, gukomera no gukora neza mu bushyuhe buke birarushaho kwiyongera, kandi ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ikirere, kurwanya ubushyuhe no kudahungabana mu mikorere ya shimi ni bwiza.
Ibikoresho bya PVC bigizwe ahanini na resin na fillers bya PVC. Binyuze mu guhuza insinga z'ibimera, guhindura ikoranabuhanga rya formula, no guhindura imiterere y'ibivangwa na modifier CPE (polyethylene chlorine) (bifite ingaruka ziyongereyeho n'ingaruka zo guhindura), bishobora kongera ubukana, gukomera, imbaraga, kurwanya ubushyuhe no kudashira kw'inkongi y'umuriro (muri gahunda yemewe y'ibikenewe ku mubiri, uko chlorine ya CPE iba nyinshi, niko ingaruka zo kudashira kw'inkongi y'umuriro ziba nziza), kongera imbaraga zo gukurura, kongera ubukana no kudashira kw'inkongi ya PVC.
Uburyo bwo gushushanya ibikoresho bya PVC bivanze n'ibiti bitandukanye cyane n'uburyo ibikoresho bisanzwe bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa. Kubera ko igice kinini cy'ibimera ari selulose, selulose irimo umubare munini w'amatsinda ya hydroxyl, kandi aya matsinda ya hydroxyl akora imigozi ya hydrogen hagati ya molekile, ituma imigozi y'ibimera igira polarity ikomeye kandi ifata amazi. Ku rundi ruhande, ibikoresho byinshi bya thermoplastic ntibiba mu gice cyo hejuru kandi ntibiba mu mazi, bityo imikoranire hagati yabyo ni mibi cyane, imbaraga zo guhuza aho bihurira ni nto, kandi ingano y'imigozi y'ibimera ni nini, bityo imikorere y'ibikoresho irushaho kuba mibi, gukaranga no gushushanya aho biva bikagorana. Kubwibyo, kunoza imiterere y'ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bivanze n'ibiti byagize uruhare runini mu kunoza imikorere y'ibicuruzwa no kubitunganya.
CPE yabanje gukorwa vuba nk'uburyo bwo guhindura PVC, kandi PVC yahinduwe iracyari imwe mu nzego z'ingenzi zikoreshwa muri CPE. CPE ifite ubushobozi bwo kuzuza neza, kandi umubare munini w'ibikoresho bitandukanye bishobora kongerwamo kugira ngo inoze ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukurura, gukanda no guhindura burundu, no kugabanya ikiguzi. Agaciro k'ikoreshwa rya PVC yahinduwe na ko kararushaho kuba keza.
Muri porogaramu za CPE zahinduwe na PVC ikomeye, ugereranije n'izindi polymer nka PE na PP, ingaruka zo gukumira umuriro ni ingenzi cyane. Ibikoresho byinshi bya PVC bikomeye bihindurwa hakoreshejwe CPE modifier ifite chlorine ingana na 36%, kandi imbaraga zayo ntarengwa zikunze kuboneka na CPE hamwe na atome za chlorine zikwirakwizwa ku buryo butunguranye ku muyoboro mukuru wa polyethylene. Kubwibyo, iyi modifier ishobora kunozwa cyane mu bijyanye no gutunganya, gukwirakwiza, n'imbaraga z'ingaruka.
GUSHYIRAHO CPE KU BUSHYITSI BW'INZUNGU, IPINE, UMUKANDA
Kubera ko molekile ya CPE idafite iminyururu ibiri, ifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ikirere neza, irwanya umuriro, ihangana n’ubushyuhe kurusha PVC, ihendutse kandi ikora neza cyane. Ishongeshwa muri hydrocarboni zihumura neza na hydrocarboni za halogenated, ntishongeshwa muri hydrocarboni za aliphatic, irabora hejuru ya 170 ° C, kandi isohora gaze ya hydrogène chloride. Ifite imiterere ihamye ya shimi, irwanya gusaza neza, irwanya umuriro, irwanya ubukonje, irwanya ikirere, irangi ryigenga, irwanya imiti, irwanya ozone n’amashanyarazi, ihura neza kandi irashobora gukoreshwa neza, ishobora kuvangwa na PVC, PE, PS na rubber kugira ngo inoze imiterere yayo.
CPE ni ubwoko bushya bw'ibikoresho by'ubukorikori bifite imiterere myiza cyane. Ni uburyo bwiza bwo guhindura imiterere ya pulasitiki ya PVC n'umusemburo w'ubukorikori ufite imiterere myiza yuzuye. Ifite imiterere myinshi kandi yakoreshejwe cyane mu nsinga, insinga, imiyoboro, kaseti, ibikoresho bya pulasitiki na za pulasitiki, ibikoresho byo gufunga, n'imikandara itwara umuriro idacana umuriro. , Urusobe rw'amazi, filime n'ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye bifite imiterere n'ibindi bicuruzwa. CPE ishobora kandi kuvangwa na polypropylene, polyethylene ifite umuvuduko mwinshi n'uworoheje, ABS, nibindi kugira ngo yongere ubukana bw'umuriro, kudasaza no gucapa kw'izi plastiki. CPE ishobora gufatwa nka copolymer idasanzwe ya ethylene, polyethylene na 1.2-dichloroethylene. Uruhererekane rwayo rwa molekile rwuzuye kandi atome za chlorine zikwirakwizwa ku buryo butunguranye. Kubera imiterere yayo myiza ya fiziki na shimi, ikoreshwa cyane mu mashini n'amashanyarazi. , imiti, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe bwa CPE, ubudahangarwa bwa ozone n'ikirere, ubudahangarwa bw'ubusaza ni bwiza kurusha imashini nyinshi za kabutura, ubudahangarwa bw'amavuta ni bwiza kurusha nitrile rubber (ABR), neoprene (CR), ubudahangarwa bw'ubusaza ni bwiza kurusha chlorosulfonated vinyl chloride (CSM); ubudahangarwa bw'aside, Alkali, umunyu n'ibindi bintu byangiza, ntibigira uburozi, bitinza umuriro, nta ngaruka zo guturika.
ISHYIRWA MU BIKORWA RYA CPE MU MWINO
Polyethylene ifite chlorine ishobora gutunganywa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukurura no gukurura. Ariko, kubera ko CPE irimo umubare munini wa atome za chlorine, igice runaka cy'ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe, antioxydants n'ibigabanya urumuri bigomba kongerwamo kuri CPE mbere yo gukurura kugira ngo birinde imiterere yayo n'imikorere yayo. CPE zifite chlorine nkeya nazo ziraboneka mu buryo bwo gukurura no gukurura.
Muri iki gihe, polyethylene ifite chlorine ikoreshwa cyane cyane nk'uburyo bwo guhindura PVC, HDPE na MBS mu nganda zikora pulasitiki. Nyuma yo kuvanga igice runaka cya CPE muri resin ya polyvinyl chloride, ishobora gukurwamo ibikoresho nk'imiyoboro, amasahani, irangi ry'insinga, imiterere, firime, firime zo gushwanyagurika, nibindi hamwe n'ibikoresho rusange byo gutunganya PVC; ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gusiga, gukanda, nibindi. Plasitike, lamination, bonding, nibindi; ikoreshwa nk'uburyo bwo guhindura PVC na PE, bishobora kunoza imikorere y'ibicuruzwa, kunoza ubwiyongere, gukomera n'imikorere y'ubushyuhe buke bwa PVC, no kugabanya ubushyuhe bwo gushwanyagurika kugeza kuri -40°C; kurwanya ikirere, kurwanya ubushyuhe no kudahinduka kwa shimi nabyo ni byiza kurusha ibindi bikoresho byo guhindura; nk'uburyo bwo guhindura PE, ishobora kunoza uburyo bwo gucapa, kudacana umuriro no koroha kw'ibicuruzwa byayo, no kongera ubucucike bwa PE foam.
Resine ya polyethylene ifite chlorine ni ubwoko bushya bw'ibikoresho by'ubukorikori bifite imiterere myiza cyane. Ni uburyo bwiza bwo guhindura imiterere ya pulasitiki ya PVC n'umukara w'ubukorikori ufite imiterere myiza yuzuye. Ifite imiterere myinshi kandi yakoreshejwe cyane mu nsinga, insinga, imiyoboro, kaseti, ibikoresho bya pulasitiki na plastike, ibikoresho byo gufunga, n'imikandara itwara umuriro idacana umuriro. , Urusobe rw'amazi, filime n'ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye bifite imiterere n'ibindi bicuruzwa. CPE ishobora kandi kuvangwa na polypropylene, polyethylene ifite umuvuduko mwinshi n'uworoheje, ABS, nibindi kugira ngo yongere ubukana bw'umuriro, ubukana bwo gusaza no gucapa kw'izi plastiki. CPE ishobora gufatwa nka copolymer idasanzwe ya ethylene, polyethylene na 1.2-dichloroethylene. Uruhererekane rwayo rwa molekile rwuzuye kandi atome za chlorine zikwirakwizwa ku buryo butunguranye. Kubera imiterere yayo myiza ya fiziki na shimi, ikoreshwa cyane mu mashini no mu mashanyarazi.
Ibinyabutabire, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi n'inganda z'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Kurwanya ubushyuhe bwa CPE, kurwanya ozone no kurwanya ikirere, kurwanya gusaza ni byiza kurusha byinshi bya kabutike, kurwanya amavuta ni byiza kurusha kabutike ya nitrile (ABR), neoprene (CR), kurwanya gusaza ni byiza kurusha chlorosulfonated vinyl chloride (CSM); kurwanya aside, Alkali, umunyu n'ibindi bintu byangiza, ntibigira uburozi, bitica umuriro, nta ngaruka zo guturika.
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri: insinga n'insinga (insinga zo mu kirombe cy'amakara, insinga zavuzwe mu bipimo bya UL na VDE), imiyoboro ya hydraulic, imiyoboro y'imodoka, kaseti, impapuro za kabutike, guhindura imiyoboro ya PVC, ibikoresho bya rukuruzi, guhindura ABS, nibindi.
ISHYIRWA MU BIKORWA RYA CPE MURI FILM
1. Amavuta akoreshwa mu gushushanya pulasitiki n'ibinyabutabire bikoreshwa mu gushushanya pulasitiki na pulasitiki bigira akamaro kanini muri PVC ikomeye kandi yoroshye, cyane cyane mu gushushanya inshinge n'ibindi bikoresho byatunganyijwe. Koresha CPE nk'icyuma gikoresha pulasitiki cya PVC, nta gucika intege, nta kwimuka, nta gukuramo, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ozone no kurwanya ingese, ihura neza. Mu gukora filime, uruhu rw'ubukorano, inkweto, imiyoboro, nibindi, ishobora kongera ubworoherane, ibara no kongera igihe cyo gukora ibicuruzwa. Ikoreshwa mu gukora imiyoboro irwanya ingese, insinga, amasahani, n'ibice byakaswe ku butaka bw'amavuta, kandi igiciro cyayo kiri hasi ya 30% kugeza kuri 40% ugereranyije n'izindi PVC zahinduwe. Ifuro ririnda inkongi kandi ridashobora gukonja rishobora gukorwa uvanze CPE na PE na PP, kandi imikorere yayo ni myiza kuruta iya polyurethane na polystyrene foam. Gukoresha CPE nk'icyuma gikoresha pulasitiki gihoraho cya ABS, AS, PS, nibindi mu gukora ibikoresho byo mu rugo, imiyoboro, ibice by'imodoka, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'amashanyarazi, hamwe na kaseti zirinda inkongi bishobora kugabanya ikiguzi.
2. Ikoreshwa mu bikoresho bya rubber bivanze CPE ni rubber yihariye ikoze mu buryo bw'ubuhanga kandi ifite imikorere myiza, cyane cyane ikwiriye insinga n'insinga zikenewe cyane mu kurwanya ubushyuhe, kudakoresha umuriro n'amashanyarazi, hamwe n'imikandara itwara umuriro cyane. Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu miyoboro y'amavuta, kubaka uturemangingo tudakoresha amazi n'ibikoresho bya chimique, nibindi. Rubber ya vulcanized ikozwe mu bikoresho bya CPE elastic base iruta neoprene mu bijyanye no kudashira, kudakoresha dielectric, kudakoresha ubushyuhe, kudasaza, kudakoresha amavuta, nibindi. Kimwe na rubber, igiciro cyayo kiri hasi ugereranyije n'icya rubber ya neoprene na nitrile, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu nganda z'insinga n'insinga, ibice by'imodoka, imiyoboro irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'amavuta, imiyoboro, nibindi. Ubudahangarwa bwa CPE busa n'ubwa rubber ya chlorine. Byongeye kandi, CPE ikoreshwa cyane mu bicuruzwa bitandukanye bya rubber.
3. CPE blend CPE/styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingaruka zikomeye, kudakoresha umuriro, kudakoresha ikirere no kudakoresha ubushyuhe buke, kandi ubushobozi bwo kuyikoresha bushobora guhangana na ABS. CPE/styrene/methacrylic aside copolymer ifite imbaraga nyinshi, ubwisanzure no kudakoresha ikirere neza. Kuvanga CPE na NBR bishobora kunoza imiterere itandukanye ya NBR kandi bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora imiyoboro ya rubber idakoresha amavuta. CPE ishobora gukoreshwa hamwe na SBR mu gukora imiyoboro ya rubber n'ururenda rudakoresha amazi; ikoreshwa hamwe na rubber ikoreshwa muri rusange, ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibicuruzwa bya rubber nk'imyenda y'imvura, amapine y'amagare y'amabara, imiyoboro y'umwuka idakoresha umuriro, n'insinga. Mu Buyapani, ahanini CPE ivangwa n'ibikoresho bya rubber na pulasitiki kugira ngo inoze imikorere yo gutunganya, imiterere y'ibicuruzwa n'ubwiza bw'imbere. Hamwe no kwiyongera k'umusaruro wa CPE no kunoza ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya, CPE/EVA nabyo bishobora gukorwa, bifite ubushobozi bwo kudakoresha uburebure kandi bikoreshwa mu gukora amasahani abikwa ku bushyuhe buke. CPE/styrene ifite chlorine ikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma bikingira umuriro, ifuro rigabanya umuriro, irangi, nibindi.
4. CPE ku bipfukisho byihariye n'ibipfukisho bidapfa amazi bishobora gukorwamo ibipfukisho byihariye, nko gukingira ingese, gukingira imyuka mibi, gukingira imyuka mibi, nibindi, kugira ngo bisimbuze ibindi bipfukisho. CPE/PVC ivangwa kugira ngo ikore ibipfukisho bidapfa amazi, ari byo bikoresho biciriritse bidapfa amazi. Ubudahangarwa bwayo n'ikirere, ubudahangarwa bwayo bwa ozone, no kudakoresha umuriro bisa n'iby'ibipfukisho bya ethylene-propylene bya rubber byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, kandi ifite igiciro gito kandi ikora neza mu bwubatsi. Gushonga CPE mu bipfukisho bisanzwe bishobora gukora ibipfukisho birwanya ingese. Nyuma yo kuvanga CPE na asphalt, nibindi, ikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora ibipfukisho bidapfa amazi byo ku gisenge bifite imikorere myiza.
5. Polyethylene ifite chlorine nyinshi Polyethylene ifite chlorine nyinshi ifite chlorine iri hagati ya 61% na 75%. Ni ikintu gikomeye, kidashyuha, gikozwe mu kirahure gikomeye, kandi gikora filime gifite imiterere myiza. Ishobora kuvangwa n'irangi rya alkyd, epoxy resin, phenolic, polyester idafite icyuma, polyacrylate, nibindi kugira ngo ikore irangi rirwanya corrosion rifite ubushobozi bwo kudacika burundu. Idacika burundu umuriro, idacika burundu, idacika burundu, kandi irahinduka neza kurusha irangi rya chlorine. Isimbura irangi rya chlorine. Polyethylene ifite chlorine nyinshi ifite imiterere myiza yo gufatana n'icyuma na sima, bityo igira ingaruka nziza zo kurinda ibi bikoresho. Polyethylene ifite chlorine nyinshi ifite ubushobozi bwo kuvanga neza n'amabara atari ay'umwimerere n'ay'umwimerere, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora irangi ridacika burundu umuriro.
6. Izindi porogaramu Gushyira CPE muri peteroli bishobora kugabanya igihe cyo gukonjesha, kandi inyongeramusaruro ku mavuta y'ibikoresho bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'umuvuduko w'amavuta. Gushyira CPE muri peteroli yo gukata no gucukura peteroli bishobora kunoza igihe cy'imikorere y'ibikoresho. Byongeye kandi, CPE ikoreshwa mu byuma byoroshya uruhu n'ibirunga byo gucapa wino, nibindi, kandi urwego rwayo rukomeza kwiyongera.
NI URUHE RUHARE RW'IYONGERA CPE MU GUKORA PLASTIKI?
Polyethylene ifite chlorine (CPE) ni polymer yuzuye, isa n'ifu yera, ntabwo irimo uburozi kandi ntiryoha, ifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ikirere, irwanya ozone, irwanya imiti no gusaza, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'amavuta, irinda umuriro kandi irabagirana. Ifite ubushobozi bwo gukomera (iracyari yoroshye kuri -30°C), ihura neza n'ibindi bikoresho bya polymer, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo kubora, ibora kugira ngo ikore HCl, HCL ishobora gutuma CPE ikora neza. Polyethylene ifite chlorine ni polymer ikozwe muri polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDPE) binyuze mu buryo bwo gusimbuza chlorine. Dukurikije imiterere n'imikoreshereze itandukanye, polyethylene ifite chlorine ishobora kugabanywamo polyethylene ifite chlorine yo mu bwoko bwa resin (CPE) na polyethylene ifite chlorine yo mu bwoko bwa elastomer (CM). Uretse gukoreshwa byonyine, resins za thermoplastic zishobora kandi kuvangwa na polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), ABS ndetse na polyurethane (PU). Mu nganda zikora kabutura, CPE ishobora gukoreshwa nk'umupira wihariye ukora neza kandi w'ubuziranenge, kandi ishobora no gukoreshwa na ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR), butyl rubber (IIR), nitrile rubber (NBR), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM), n'ibindi. Hari izindi mvange za kabutura zikoreshwa.
