Uburyo bwo gukora ibikorwa byo kubungabunga umutekano wa PVC

Kwangirika kwa PVC ahanini guterwa no kubora kwa atome za chlorine muri molekile irimo gushyuha na ogisijeni, bigatera HCI gukorwa. Kubwibyo, ibintu bitera ubushyuhe bya PVC ahanini ni ibintu bishobora gutuza atome za chlorine muri molekile za PVC no gukumira cyangwa kwemera irekurwa rya HCI. R. Gachter n'abandi bashyize ingaruka z'ibintu bitera ubushyuhe mu byiciro nk'ibirinda kandi bivura. Icya mbere gifite inshingano zo kwinjiza HCI, gusimbuza atome za chlorine zidahamye, gukuraho amasoko y'umuriro, no gukumira ogisijeni yikora. Ubwoko bwa nyuma bwo gutuza bugamije kongera imiterere ya polyene, gukorana n'ibice bidafite amazi muri PVC, no gusenya carbocations. By'umwihariko, ibi bikurikira:

(1) Kuramo HC1 ivanywe muri PVC kugira ngo ihagarike imikorere yayo bwite. Ibikoresho nk'umunyu wa lead, amasabune y'icyuma ya aside organic, imvange ya organotin, imvange ya epoxy, amine, alkoxides z'icyuma na phenols, hamwe na thiols z'icyuma byose bishobora kugira icyo bikora na HCI kugira ngo bibuze uburyo bwo gukora bwa de HCI bwa PVC.

Njyewe (RCOO) 2+2HCI MeCl+2RCOOH

(2) Simbuza cyangwa uvaneho ibintu bidahinduka nka atome za allyl chloride cyangwa atome za tertiary carbon chloride muri molekile za PVC, kandi ukureho aho HCI itangiriye gukurwaho. Iyo atome za tin za organic tin stabilizers zihuye na atome za chlorine zidahinduka za molekile za PVC, kandi atome za sulfure muri organic tin zihura na atome za karuboni zihuye muri PVC, atome za sulfure mu mubiri uhuza zisimbuza atome za chlorine zidahinduka. Iyo HC1 ihari, isano iri hagati, maze itsinda ridafite aho rihuriye n’amazi rigafatana neza na atome za karuboni muri molekile za PVC, bityo bikabuza izindi ngaruka zo gukuraho HCI no gushyiraho imigozi ibiri. Mu masabune y'icyuma, isabune ya zinc n'isabune y'inkono bifite uburyo bwo gusimbuza vuba na atome za chlorine zidahinduka, isabune ya barium niyo igenda buhoro cyane, isabune ya kalisiyumu igenda buhoro, kandi isabune y'icyuma iri hagati. Muri icyo gihe, kloride z'icyuma zakozwe zifite urwego rutandukanye rw'ingaruka za catalytic ku gukuraho HCI, kandi imbaraga zazo ni izi zikurikira:

ZnCl>CdCl>>BaCl, CaCh>R2SnCl2 (3) yongerwa ku migozi ibiri kandi ihuzwa n’imigozi ibiri kugira ngo hirindwe iterambere ry’imiterere ya polyene no kugabanya ibara. Umunyu wa aside unsaturated cyangwa complexes zigira imigozi ibiri, ihura n’ingaruka za diene hamwe na molekile za PVC, bityo ikabangamira imiterere yazo ya covalent kandi ikabuza ihinduka ry’ibara. Byongeye kandi, isabune y’icyuma iherekezwa no kwimura imigozi ibiri mu gihe isimbuza allyl chloride, bigatera kwangirika ku migozi ya polyene bityo bikabuza ihinduka ry’ibara.

(4) Gufata radicals zidafite ubushyuhe kugira ngo hirindwe oxidation yikora. Niba kongeramo ibidahindura ubushyuhe bya phenolic bishobora kubuza gukuraho HC1, ni ukubera ko radicals zidafite ubushyuhe za atome ya hydrogen zitangwa na phenols zishobora guhuzwa na radicals zidafite ubushyuhe za PVC zangiritse, zigakora ikintu kidashobora gukorana na ogisijeni kandi kikagira ingaruka zo kudahindura ubushyuhe. Iki gitera ubushyuhe gishobora kugira ingaruka imwe cyangwa nyinshi.