Uburyo bwa PVC stabilisateur ibikorwa

Iyangirika rya PVC riterwa ahanini no kubora kwa atome ya chlorine ikora muri molekile munsi yubushyuhe na ogisijeni, bikavamo umusaruro wa HCI. Kubwibyo, PVC stabilisateur ni cyane cyane ibice bishobora guhagarika atome ya chlorine muri molekile ya PVC no gukumira cyangwa kwemera irekurwa rya HCI. R. Gachter n'abandi. yashyize mubikorwa ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe bwo gukumira no gukosora. Iyambere ifite imirimo yo gukurura HCI, gusimbuza atome ya chlorine idahindagurika, gukuraho inkomoko yo gutwika, no kwirinda okiside yikora. Ubwoko bwa nyuma bwo gukosora bugamije kongeramo imiterere ya polyene, kwitwara nibice bituzuye muri PVC, no gusenya karubasi. By'umwihariko, ku buryo bukurikira:

(1) Absorb HC1 yakuwe muri PVC kugirango ihagarike ibikorwa byayo bwite. Ibicuruzwa nkumunyu wa gurş, isabune ya acide organic, isabune ya organotine, epoxy compound, amine, alkoxide yicyuma na fenol, hamwe na thiol yicyuma byose birashobora kwitwara hamwe na HCI kugirango bibuze de HCI reaction ya PVC

Njye (RCOO) 2 + 2HCI MeCl + 2RCOOH

. Niba amabati ya tin ya stabilisateur ya tin organic ahuza na atome ya chlorine idahindagurika ya molekile ya PVC, hamwe na atome ya sulfure muri tin organic ihuza na atome ya karubone ihuye na PVC, atome ya sulfure mumubiri uhuza isimbuza atome ya chlorine idahindagurika. Iyo HC1 ihari, guhuza ibikorwa biracikamo ibice, kandi itsinda rya hydrophobique rihuza byimazeyo na atome ya karubone muri molekile ya PVC, bityo bikabuza gukomeza kwitwara neza kuvanaho HCI no gushiraho imigozi ibiri. Mu masabune yicyuma, isabune ya zinc hamwe nisabune yinkono bifite reaction yo gusimbuza byihuse hamwe na atome ya chlorine idahindagurika, isabune ya barium niyo itinda cyane, isabune ya calcium iratinda, kandi isabune ya gurş iri hagati. Muri icyo gihe, ibyuma bya chloride byakozwe bigira ingaruka zitandukanye za catalitiki ku ikurwaho rya HCI, kandi imbaraga zabo ni izi zikurikira:

ZnCl> CdCl >> BaCl, CaCh> R2SnCl2 (3) yongewe kumirongo ibiri hamwe no guhuza imiyoboro ibiri kugirango ikumire iterambere ryimiterere ya polyene no kugabanya amabara. Umunyu wa acide udahagije cyangwa ibigo bifite imigozi ibiri, bigenda byiyongera kuri diene hamwe na molekile ya PVC, bityo bigahagarika imiterere yabyo kandi bikabuza ihinduka ryamabara. Byongeye kandi, isabune yicyuma iherekezwa no guhererekanya inshuro ebyiri mugihe usimbuye allyl chloride, bigatera kwangiza imiterere ya polyene bityo bikabuza ihinduka ryamabara.

(4) Fata radicals yubusa kugirango wirinde okiside yikora. Niba wongeyeho stabilisateur yubushyuhe bwa fenolike irashobora guhagarika ikurwaho rya HC1, ni ukubera ko hydrogène atom hydrogène yubusa itangwa na fenolike ishobora guhuza hamwe na PVC yangiritse ya macromolecular yubusa, igakora ibintu bidashobora gukora na ogisijeni kandi bifite ingaruka zo guhagarika ubushyuhe. Iyi stabilisateur yubushyuhe irashobora kugira ingaruka imwe cyangwa nyinshi.