Ibikoresho bya PVC birangiye bikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye. Isuzuma n'igeragezwa rya PVC calcium zinc stabilizers bisaba uburyo butandukanye bitewe n'imikorere yabyo. Muri rusange, hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi: static na dynamic. Uburyo bwa static burimo uburyo bwa Congo red test paper method, aging furnace test, na electromotive force method, mu gihe uburyo bwa dynamic burimo torque rheometer test na dynamic double roll test.
1. Uburyo bwo gukoresha impapuro z'ikizamini gitukura cya Kongo
Ukoresheje ubwogero bw'amavuta bufite glycerol yubatswemo, PVC igomba gupimwa ivangwa neza n'icyuma gipima ubushyuhe hanyuma igashyirwa mu muyoboro muto w'igerageza. Ibikoresho biranyeganyezwa gato kugira ngo bikomere, hanyuma bigashyirwa mu bwogero bw'amavuta. Ubushyuhe bwa glycerol mu bwogero bw'amavuta bwa PVC calcium zinc stabilizer bushyirwa mbere kuri dogere 170, kugira ngo ubuso bwo hejuru bw'ibikoresho bya PVC mu muyoboro muto w'igerageza bube buringaniye n'ubuso bwo hejuru bwa glycerol. Hejuru y'umuyoboro muto w'igerageza, hashyirwamo agapira gafite umuyoboro muto w'ikirahure, maze umuyoboro w'ikirahure ugaragare kuva hejuru kugeza hasi. Impapuro z'igerageza zitukura za Congo zirazingirwa hanyuma zigashyirwa munsi y'umuyoboro w'ikirahure, ku buryo impande zo hasi z'impapuro z'igerageza zitukura za Congo ziba ziri hafi ya cm uvuye ku nkombe yo hejuru y'ibikoresho bya PVC. Nyuma y'igerageza ritangiye, andika igihe kuva aho umurongo w'igerageza utukura wa Congo ushyizwe mu muyoboro w'igerageza kugeza igihe uhinduka ubururu, ari na cyo gihe cyo guhagarara k'ubushyuhe. Inyigisho y'ibanze y'iri gerageza ni uko PVC izabora vuba ku bushyuhe bwa dogere 170 ℃, ariko bitewe no kongeramo icyuma gitera ubushyuhe, iragabanuka. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, icyuma gitera ubushyuhe kizakoreshwa. Iyo ikoreshwa rirangiye, PVC izabora vuba kandi irekure gaze ya HCl. Muri iki gihe, reagent itukura ya Congo iri mu gasanduku k'igerageza izahindura ibara bitewe nuko yoroshye kuyikoresha na HCl. Andika igihe muri iki gihe hanyuma urebe ko igikoresho gitera ubushyuhe gifite akamaro ukurikije igihe cyamaze.
2. Ikizamini cy'ifuru idahindagurika
Tegura ingero zivanze vuba cyane z'ifu ya PVC n'ibindi bikoresho bifasha mu gutunganya (nk'amavuta, ibikoresho bihindura ingaruka, ibikoresho byuzuza, nibindi) usibye ibikoresho bishyigikira kalisiyumu ya PVC. Fata ingano runaka y'icyitegererezo cyavuzwe haruguru, ongeramo ibikoresho bitandukanye bishyigikira ubushyuhe kuri PVC mu buryo bugena imiterere ya kalisiyumu ya PVC mu rugero runaka, uvange neza, hanyuma ushyiremo uruvange rw'uduti tubiri.
Gutegura ibice by'igerageza kuri mixer muri rusange bikorwa hatabayeho kongeramo pulasitiki. Ubushyuhe bw'imizingo ibiri bushyirwa kuri 160-180 ℃, kandi iyo wongeyemo pulasitiki, ubushyuhe bw'umuzingo muri rusange buba buri kuri 140 ℃. Mu gukanda kenshi ukoresheje inkoni ebyiri, haboneka icyitegererezo cya PVC kimwe, hanyuma hagakurikiraho gukata kugira ngo haboneke ingero za PVC z'ingano runaka zirimo ibintu bitandukanye bigabanya ubushyuhe. Shyira ibice bitandukanye by'igerageza bya PVC ku gikoresho gihamye hanyuma ubishyira mu itanura rihoraho (ubusanzwe 180 ℃). Andika impinduka z'ibara ry'ibice by'igerageza buri minota 10 cyangwa iminota 15 kugeza bihindutse umukara.
Binyuze mu bizamini byo gusaza mu ifuru, ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe ku buryo ubushyuhe bwa PVC buhagaze neza bushobora kumenyekana, cyane cyane ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gukumira impinduka z'amabara. Muri rusange abantu bizera ko iyo PVC ishyushye, ibara rihinduka kuva ku mucyo kugera ku mwijima, harimo n'umweru w'umuhondo w'umukara w'umukara w'umukara. Uko ibintu byangiritse bishobora kugaragazwa n'ibara rya PVC mu gihe runaka.
3. Uburyo bw'amashanyarazi (uburyo bwo gutwara amashanyarazi)
Igikoresho cy’igerageza kigizwe ahanini n’ibice bine. Uruhande rw’iburyo ni igikoresho cy’umwuka udakora, gisanzwe gikoresha azote, ariko rimwe na rimwe gikoresha umwuka. Itandukaniro ni uko iyo hakoreshejwe uburinzi bwa azote, umuyoboro wa PVC urinda calcium zinc ushobora kwirinda kwangirika kw’imiyoboro ya PVC iterwa no gushonga kwa ogisijeni mu kirere. Igikoresho gishyushya ubusanzwe ni amazi yo mu bwoko bwa ogisijeni hafi 180 ℃. Uruvange rwa PVC n’ibikomeza ubushyuhe bishyirwa mu mwobo w’amavuta. Iyo gazi ya HCl ikozwe, yinjira mu gisubizo cya NaOH ibumoso hamwe na gazi idakora. NaOH yinjiza HCl vuba, bigatuma agaciro ka pH k’umuti gahinduka. Mu kwandika impinduka za meter ya pH uko igihe kigenda gihita, ingaruka z’ibikomeza ubushyuhe bitandukanye zishobora kumenyekana. Mu bisubizo by’igerageza, umuyoboro wa pH t uboneka binyuze mu gutunganya ugabanywamo igihe cyo kwinjizwa n’igihe cyo gukura, kandi igihe cyo kwinjizwa kiratandukana bitewe n’ubushobozi bwa meter.
4. Igipimo cy'imitsi y'amajwi (torque rheometer)
Igipimo cy'ingufu cya torque ni igikoresho gisanzwe gito gisanzwe cyigana uburyo PVC itunganywa. Hariho agasanduku gafunze inyuma y'igikoresho, kandi ubushyuhe bw'agasanduku gatunganywa n'umuvuduko w'ibyuma bibiri by'imbere bishobora kugenzurwa binyuze kuri mudasobwa ihujwe n'igikoresho. Uburemere bw'ibikoresho byongewe kuri torque rèmetero muri rusange ni 60-80 g, bihinduka bitewe n'uburyo butandukanye bw'ibikoresho. Intambwe z'igerageza ni izi zikurikira: gutegura masterbatch irimo ibintu bitandukanye bigabanya ubushyuhe mbere y'igihe, kandi formula y'ibanze ya masterbatch muri rusange irimo ACR hiyongereyeho PVC CPE、CaCO3、TiO、 Amavuta, nibindi. Igipimo cy'ingufu cya torque gishyirwa ku bushyuhe mbere y'igihe. Iyo kigeze ku bushyuhe bwagenwe kandi umuvuduko ukaba uhamye, uruvange rwapimwe rwongerwa mu gasanduku gatunganywa, rugafungwa vuba, kandi ibipimo bitandukanye kuri mudasobwa ihujwe birafatwa, ari byo curve ya rheological. Nyuma yo gutunganya, imiterere itandukanye y'ibikoresho byakuwemo nayo ishobora kuboneka, nko kwera, niba byakozwe, ubushyuhe, nibindi. Hakoreshejwe ibi bipimo, ubushobozi bw'inganda bw'igipimo cy'ingufu gihuza ubushyuhe bujyanye nacyo bushobora kumenyekana. Igikoresho gikwiye cyo kubungabunga ubushyuhe kigomba kugira igihe gikwiye cyo gukurura no gushyiramo pulasitiki, kandi ibicuruzwa bigomba kuba byakozwe neza bifite umweru mwinshi n'ubuso bworoshye. Igikoresho cyo gupima ubushyuhe cyubatse ikiraro cyoroshye hagati y'ubushakashatsi bwo muri laboratwari n'umusaruro mu nganda nini.
5. Ikizamini cyo gusimbuza inshuro ebyiri gihinduka (dynamic double roll test)
Nk'uburyo bw'inyongera bwo gupima ingaruka z'ibipimo by'ubushyuhe, hakoreshwa ibyuma bipima ubushyuhe mu buryo budasanzwe iyo nta gipimo cy'ubushyuhe gihari, kandi igikoresho gipima ubushyuhe mu buryo bubiri gitoranywa mu igerageza. Shyiramo ifu ivanze yihuta cyane hanyuma uyishyire mu ishusho. Sukuramo icyitegererezo cyabonetse inshuro nyinshi. Kugeza igihe igice cy'igerageza gihindutse umukara, andika igihe bifata kugira ngo gihinduke umukara burundu, ari cyo cyitwa igihe cyo kwirabura. Kugira ngo umenye ingaruka z'ubushyuhe butandukanye butuma ubushyuhe bukomera kuri PVC ugereranya igihe cyo kwirabura.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-20-2024
